A laboratory evaluation of cell viability, radiopacity and tooth discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic materials

L. V. Oliveira1, G. R. da Silva2, G. L. Souza1, T. E. A. Magalhães3, G. L. R. Barbosa 4,
A. P. Turrioni5 & C. C. G. Moura1

1São Departament of Endodontics; 2Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials; 3School of Dentistry; 4Department of Stomatological Diagnosis; and 5Department of Pediatric, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
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Objective of the study: To evaluate the radiopacity, cytotoxicity, and color change of MTA Flow (MTA), UltraCal XS(UC), and Bio-C® Temp (BT).
Clinical implications: Cell viability means that the cells found in the study can survive in the presence of the material, indicating that the material is not cytotoxic. The higher the cell viability, the better the biocompatibility of the material. Dental staining after the use of endodontic materials is a common concern, both for the dentist and for the patient, who has high levels of aesthetic demand in the vast majority of cases, so the closer to zero this staining is the better.  Radiopacity is important for ensuring thatmedication is filled within the recommended measurements of the working lenght(WL), but a high percentage of radiopacifier in the product formula is not recommended due to its direct relationship with biocompatibility.
Radiopacity is important for ensuring that medication is filled within the recommended measurements of the working lenght(WL), but a high percentage of radiopacifier in the product formula is not recommended due to its direct relationship with biocompatibility.

Results:
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Cell viability

The new bioceramic material, Bio-C® Temp, showedsimilar cell viability to MTA Flow and Ultracal XS at maximum dilutions.

Tooth staining

Ultracal XS and Bio-C® Temp had similar discoloration in the 60-day parameter, whereas MTA had significantly more discoloration. Bio-C® Temp showed the greatest discoloration after 45 days,followed by a rebound effect after 60 days.  When the color change of the samples was compared from the initial evaluation time (T1) to the other experimental times(T30, T45, and T60), the control group, Ultracal XS, and MTA Flow had significant discoloration. At 30 days, only the Ultracal XS group differed significantly from the control group, while at 60 days, a significant difference from the control group was observed only in the MTA group.

Conclusion: Bio-C® Temp showed less color change than MTA Flow and Ultracal XS.

Radiopacity

Conclusion: Although Bio-C Temp showed lower radiopacity than MTA Flow and Ultracal XS, it was still possible to identify it radiographically.